水能是歐州發(fā)展最早的可再生能源之一。
據(jù)潮電智庫數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計，2022年1月歐洲水能發(fā)電量TOP10國家總計發(fā)電量23.8TWh(1TWh=1000GWh)，TOP10國家占比歐洲當月水能總發(fā)電量91.9%。
瑞典2022年1月水能發(fā)電量8.2TWh，占比歐州當月31.7%的水能發(fā)電量，瑞典有三大資源：鐵礦、森林及水力，森林蓄材26多億立方米，平均每年可利用的水力資源超過20.1TW。
早在上個世紀60年代，瑞典的水力發(fā)電工程便十分發(fā)達，那時已經(jīng)提供瑞典85%以上的可再生能源占比。瑞典的煉鋁業(yè)也充分利用了這一資源，大多數(shù)鋁廠都建在水電豐富的地區(qū)，如北歐、北部和西部地區(qū)。
排在第二的法國2022年1月水能發(fā)電量5.1TWh，多年以來，核電都是法國能源供給中的“絕對主角”，可再生能源在法國能源體系中占比不到20%，多年下來，核電站受到自然老化、氣候原因等不利因素影響，加上法國對可再生能源的迫切需求。
根據(jù)最新通過的可再生能源法案，到2030年，法國可再生能源供給占比應達到32%。業(yè)界估算認為，在2022年至2027年期間，法國將至少建成7座海上風電場，總裝機規(guī)模有望達到350萬千瓦；法國總統(tǒng)馬克龍還曾提出到2050年前建成約50座海上風電場的目標。
Top 10 European Hydro Power Generation Rankings in January 2022
Water energy is one of the earliest renewable energy sources developed in Europe.
According to data from the Electrend , in January 2022, the top 10 countries in Europe generated a total of 23.8 TWh (1 TWh=1000 GWh) of hydroelectric power generation, with the top 10 countries accounting for 91.9% of the total hydroelectric power generation in Europe that month.
In January 2022, Sweden generated 8.2TWh of hydroelectric power, accounting for 31.7% of the total hydroelectric power generation in Europe. Sweden has three major resources: iron ore, forests, and hydropower, with forest storage exceeding 2.6 billion cubic meters. The average annual available hydroelectric resources exceed 20.1TW.
As early as the 1960s, Sweden's hydropower projects were highly developed, providing over 85% of Sweden's renewable energy. Sweden's aluminum smelting industry has also fully utilized this resource, with most aluminum plants built in areas rich in hydropower, such as Nordic, northern, and western regions.
In January 2022, France ranked second with a hydroelectric power generation capacity of 5.1TWh. For many years, nuclear power has been the "absolute protagonist" in France's energy supply, with renewable energy accounting for less than 20% of the country's energy system. Over the years, nuclear power plants have been affected by adverse factors such as natural aging and climate change, coupled with France's urgent demand for renewable energy.
According to the latest renewable energy bill, the proportion of renewable energy supply in France should reach 32% by 2030. Industry estimates suggest that France will build at least 7 offshore wind farms between 2022 and 2027, with a total installed capacity expected to reach 3.5 million kilowatts; French President Macron also proposed the goal of building approximately 50 offshore wind farms by 2050.
